什么是信用证?
信用证的概念
XINYONGZHENG(Letter of Credit ,L/C)SHIZHIYOUYINXING(KAIZHENGXING)YIZHAO(SHENQINGRENDE)YAOQIUHEZHISHIHUOZIJIZHUDONG,ZAIFUHEXINYONGZHENGTIAOKUANDETIAOJIANXIA,PINGGUIDINGDANJUXIANGDISANZHE()HUOQIZHIDINGFANGJINXINGFUKUANDESHUMIANWENJIAN。JIXINYONGZHENGSHIYIZHONGYINXINGKAILIDEYOUTIAOJIANDECHENGNUOFUKUANDESHUMIANWENJIAN。
黑龙江体彩网 ZAIGUOJIMAOYIHUODONG,MAIMAISHUANGFANGKENENGHUBUXINREN,MAIFANGDANXINHOU,MAIFANGBUANHETONGYAOQIUFAHUO;MAIFANGYEDANXINZAIFAHUOHUOTIJIAOHUOYUNDANJUHOUMAIFANGBUFUKUAN。YINCIXUYAOLIANGJIAYINXINGZUOWEIMAIMAISHUANGFANGDEBAOZHENGREN,DAIWEISHOUKUAN,YIDAITI。YINXINGZAIZHEIYIHUODONGZHONGSUOSHIYONGDEGONGJUJIUSHIXINYONGZHENG。
黑龙江体彩网 KEJIAN,XINYONGZHENGSHIYINXINGYOUTIAOJIANBAOZHENGFUKUANDEZHENGSHU,CHENGWEIGUOJIMAOYIHUODONGZHONGCHANGJIANDE。ANZHAOZHEIZHONGJIESUANFANGSHIDEYIBANGUIDING,MAIFANGXIANJIANGHUOKUANJIAOCUNYINXING,YOUYINXINGKAILIXINYONGZHENG,TONGZHIYIDIMAIFANGKAIHUYINXINGZHUANGAOMAIFANG,MAIFANGANHETONGHEXINYONGZHENGGUIDINGDEFAHUO,YINXINGDAIMAIFANGFUKUAN。
黑龙江体彩网 XINYONGZHENGFANGSHIYOUSANGETEDIAN:
黑龙江体彩网 YISHIXINYONGZHENGSHIYIXIANGZIZUWENJIAN(self-sufficient instrument)。XINYONGZHENGBUYIFUYUMAIMAIHETONG,YINXINGZAISHENDANSHIQIANGDIAODESHIXINYONGZHENGYUJICHUMAOYIXIANGFENLIDESHUMIANXINGSHISHANGDERENZHENG;
ERSHIXINYONGZHENGFANGSHISHICHUNDANJUYEWU(pure documentary transaction)。XINYONGZHENGSHIPINGDANFUKUAN,BUYIHUOWUWEIZHUN。ZHIYAODANJUXIANGFU,KAIZHENGXINGJIUYINGWUTIAOJIANFUKUAN;
黑龙江体彩网 SANSHIKAIZHENGYINXINGFUSHOUYAOFUKUANZEREN(primary liabilities for payment)。XINYONGZHENGSHIYIZHONGYINXINGXINYONG,TASHIYINXINGDEYIZHONGDANBAOWENJIAN,KAIZHENGYINXINGDUIZHIFUYOUSHOUYAOFUKUANDEZEREN。
信用证的当事人
YI、KAIZHENGREN
黑龙江体彩网 ZHIXIANGYINXINGSHENQINGKAILIXINYONGZHENGDEREN,ZAIXINYONGZHENGZHONGYOUCHENGKAIZHENGREN。
YIWU:GENJUHETONGKAIZHENG;XIANGYINXINGJIAOFUBILIYAJIN;JISHIFUKUANSHUDAN
黑龙江体彩网 QUANLI:YAN、TUISHUDAN;YAN、TUIHUO(JUNYIXINYONGZHENGWEIYIJU)
黑龙江体彩网 SHUOMING:KAIZHENGSHENQINGSHUYOULIANGBUFENJIDUIKAIZHENGXINGDEKAIZHENGSHENQINGHEDUIKAIZHENGXINGDESHENGMINGHEBAOZHENG(SHENMINGSHUDANFUKUANQIANHUOWUSUOYOUQUANGUIYINXING;KAIZHENGXINGJIQIDAILIXINGZHIFUDANJUBIAOMIANSHIFOUHEGEZHIZE;KAIZHENGXINGDUIDANJUCHUANDIZHONGDECHACUOBUFUZE;DUI“BUKEKANGLI”BUFUZE;BAOZHENGDAOQIFUKUANSHUDAN;BAOZHENGZHIFUGEXIANGFEIYONG;KAIZHENGXINGYOUQUANSUISHIZHUIJIAYAJIN;YOUQUANJUEDINGHUOWUDAIBANBAOXIANHEZENGJIABAOXIANJIBIEERFEIYONGYOUKAIZHENGSHENQINGRENFUDAN。
ER、SHOUYIREN
ZHIXINYONGZHENGSHANGSUOZHIDINGDEYOUQUANSHIYONGGAIZHENGDEREN,JICHUKOURENHUOSHIJIGONGHUOREN。
YIWU:SHOUDAOXINYONGZHENGHOUYINGJISHIYUHETONGHEDUI,BUFUZHEJINZAOYAOQIUKAIZHENGXINGXIUGAIHUOJUJUEJIESHOUHUOYAOQIUKAIZHENGSHENQINGRENZHISHIKAIZHENGXINGXIUGAIXINYONGZHENG;RUJIESHOUZEFAHUOBINGTONGZHISHOUHUOREN,BEIQIDANJUZAIGUIDINGSHIJIANXIANGYIFUXINGJIAODANYIFU;DUIDANJUDEZHENGQUEXINGFUZE,BUFUSHIYINGZHIXINGKAIZHENGXINGGAIDANZHISHIBINGRENGZAIXINYONGZHENGGUIDINGQIXIANJIAODAN。
QUANLI:BEIJUJUEXIUGAIHUOXIUGAIHOURENGBUFUYOUQUANZAITONGZHIDUIFANGHOUDANFANGMIANCHEXIAOHETONGBINGJUJUEXINYONGZHENG;JIAODANHOURUOKAIZHENGXINGDAOBIHUOWULIJUFUKEZHIJIEYAOQIUKAIZHENGSHENQINGRENFUKUAN;SHOUKUANQIANRUOKAIZHENGSHENQINGRENPOCHANKETINGZHIHUOWUZHUANGYUNBINGZIXINGCHULI;RUOKAIZHENGXINGDAOBISHIXINYONGZHENGHAIWEISHIYONGKEYAOQIUKAIZHENGSHENQINGRENLINGKAI。
SAN、KAIZHENGXING
黑龙江体彩网 ZHIJIESHOUKAIZHENGSHENQINGRENDEWEITUOKAILIXINYONGZHENGDEYINXING,TACHENGDANBAOZHENGFUKUANDEZEREN。
YIWU:ZHENGQUE、JISHIKAIZHENG;CHENGDANDIYIXINGFUKUANZEREN
QUANLI:SHOUQUSHOUXUFEIHEYAJIN;JUJUESHOUYIRENHUOYIFUXINGDEBUFUDANJU;FUKUANHOURUKAIZHENGSHENQINGRENWULIFUKUANSHUDANSHIKECHULIDAN、HUO;HUOBUZUKUANKEXIANGKAIZHENGSHENQINGRENZHUISUO。
SI、TONGZHIXING
指受开证行的委托,将信用证转交出口人的银行,它只证明信用证的真实性,不承担其他义务,是出口地所在银行。需要证明信用证的真实性;转递行只负责照转。
WU、YIFUYINXING
指愿意买入受益人交来跟单汇票的银行。根据信用证开证行的付款保证和受益人的请求,按信用证规定对受益人交付的跟单汇票垫款或贴现,并向信用证规定的付款行索偿的银行(又称购票行、押汇行和贴现行;一般就是通知行;有限定议付和自由议付)。
YIWU:YANGESHENDAN;DIANFUHUOTIEXIANGENDANHUIPIAO;BEIPIXINYONGZHENG;
黑龙江体彩网 QUANLI:KEYIFUYEKEBUYIFU;YIFUHOUKECHULI(HUOYUN)DANJU;YIFUHOUKAIZHENGXINGDAOBIHUOJIEKOUJUFUKEXIANGSHOUYIRENZHUIHUIDIANKUAN。
LIU、FUKUANYINXING
指信用证上指定付款的银行,在多数情况下,付款行就是开证行。对符合信用证的单据向受益人付款的银行(可以是开证行也可受其委托的另家银行)。
YOUQUANFUKUANHUOBUFUKUAN;YIJINGFUKUAN,WUQUANXIANGSHOUYIRENHUOHUIPIAOCHIYOURENZHUISUO。
QI、BAODUIXING
SHOUKAIZHENGXINGWEITUODUIXINYONGZHENGYIZIJIMINGYIBAOZHENGDEYINXING。
JIAPI“BAOZHENGDUIFU”;BUKECHEXIAODEQUEDINGCHENGNUO;DULIDUIXINYONGZHENGFUZE,PINGDANFUKUAN;FUKUANHOUZHINENGXIANGKAIZHENGXINGSUOCHANG;RUOKAIZHENGXINGJUFUHUODAOBI,ZEWUQUANXIANGSHOUYIRENHEZHUISUO。
BA、CHENGDUIXING
黑龙江体彩网 ZHIDUISHOUYIRENTIJIAODEJINXINGCHENGDUIDEYINXING,YISHIFUKUANXING。
JIU、CHANGFUXING
指受开证行在信用证上的委托,代开证行向议付行或付款行清偿垫款的银行(又称清算行)。
黑龙江体彩网 ZHIFUKUANBUSHENDAN;ZHIGUANCHANGFUBUGUANTUIKUAN;BUCHANGFUSHIKAIZHENGXINGCHANGFU。